Power Delivery (PD) chargers or adapter refers to small portable electronic power supply equipment.  It mainly converts AC input coming from the grid into (low voltage) DC output, and supplies power to small electronic products such as mobile phones, tablets, LCD monitors and notebook computers.

Permanent magnet motor refers to a kind of electromagnetic device based on the Faraday law of electromagnetic induction to achieve electric energy conversion or transfer. The main role is to generate driving torque, as the power source of electrical appliances or various machinery.  Motors are widely used in consumer electronics, household appliances, industrial manufacturing, robotic and other fields.

On-board charger (OBC) converts alternative current (AC), as the one coming from the grid, into a direct DC voltage that is used to charge the battery pack.It has the advantages of high efficiency, compactness, portability and high reliability.